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Illustration of Andes Mountains

Andes Mountains

The longest continental mountain range in the world…

Reads at Grades K-2 Listens at K–3

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The story

The Story of the Andes Mountains

I can feel the chilly wind tickling my tallest peaks. Far, far below, the clouds look like a soft, white blanket. My head is covered in sparkling snow, even when the sun is shining. All day long, colorful birds with bright feathers fly past my rocky shoulders, and fluffy llamas with gentle eyes walk along my grassy slopes. They know all my secret paths. I have been here for a very, very long time, watching the world change. I am the Andes Mountains, a giant chain of peaks in South America.

Millions of years ago, the Earth under me was like a giant puzzle. Two huge pieces of the puzzle pushed against each other, grumbling and rumbling. They pushed and pushed until the ground wrinkled up, up, up into the sky. That is how I was born. For a long time, it was just me, the sun, and the wind. Then, brave people arrived. Around the year 1438, the Inca people came to live on my sides. They were so clever. They said, “This mountain is steep, but it can be our home.” So they built amazing stone cities like Machu Picchu that nestled into my cliffs and carved my slopes into giant steps called terraces, so they could grow yummy potatoes and corn.

My new friends, the Inca people, were very smart and worked hard. They had special animal friends to help them. Fluffy llamas were their best helpers, carrying food and blankets up and down my steep paths. The llamas were strong and gentle, and I loved the feeling of their soft feet on my trails. Many years later, in the early 1800s, a new kind of visitor came. His name was Alexander von Humboldt, and he was a very curious scientist. He didn't build cities, but he wanted to learn all my secrets. He climbed my high peaks to study my special plants and animals and to understand how everything in nature is connected, from the tiniest flower to the biggest volcano.

Today, I am still a home for so many people and animals. Big, busy cities rest at my feet, and farmers still grow food on my fertile soil. On sunny days, hikers climb my trails, their happy voices echoing in the clear air. They look up at my snowy tops and feel the same wonder that the Inca and the curious explorers felt so long ago. I am a place that reminds everyone of how strong the Earth is and the amazing things people can do when they work together with nature. I will stand tall forever, a place of beauty and adventure for all to see.

Wow facts

About

The longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.

Geological Formation Began 66.0 Million Years Ago (circa)
Flourishing of the Inca Empire 1438 CE - 1533 CE
Alexander von Humboldt's Expedition 1799 CE - 1804 CE

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Why did the Inca people build terraces on the mountainsides?

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Andes Mountains
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